省统管及跨行政区划法院检察院设置中的宪法问题

The Constitutional Issues of Provincial Governing and Cross-administrative in Division Court and Procuratorate System Design

省统管地方法院、检察院人财物与设置跨行政区划的法院检察院在本轮以去司法地方化和行政化为主旨的司法体制改革中起到凸显司法事权的中央化和司法职权的国家化的双重作用。现行《宪法》第一百二十八条、第一百三十三条,关于地方法院、检察院对产生它的国家权力机关负责之原则,为省统管及跨行政区划法院检察院的设置提供了宪法依据,但由于现行《宪法》相关条文之限缩,其与作为宪法性法律的两院组织法实则确立了地方法院、检察院对本级人大负责并报告工作的体制,从而为当前的司法改革带来了重大障碍。修改两院组织法确定地方法院、检察院对产生它的国家权力机关负责之原则并进行细化,能够为省统管及跨行政区划法院检察院设置提供充分的法律保障。

Guided by the principle of eliminating judicial localization and administration,the human resources and properties of province-controlled local courts and procuratorates as well as the courts and procuratorates that set up cross-administrative divisions respectively played a prominent role in centralizing judicial power and nationalizing judicial functions and power in the current round of reform of judicial system.Article 128 and133 of the current Constitution provided a certain constitutional basis for the establishment of the province-controlled and cross-administrative courts and procuratorates with the guidance of principle that the local courts and procuratorates should be responsible for the organ of state power setting up them. However,due to the restrictions of the relevant provisions of the current Constitution,the Constitution has established a system with the Organic Law of Court and Procuratorate,the constitutive law,that local courts and procuratorates should be responsible for and report to the equative National People＇s Congress,thus bringing significant obstacles to the current judicial reform.The Organic Law of Court and Procuratorate was amended so as to regulate and refine the principle that the local court and procuratorate should be responsible for the organ of state power that set up them,which provided sufficient legal safeguard to the establishment of province-controlled and cross-administrative courts and procuratorates.