生态主义观点对心理治疗理论与实践的启示

An ecologistic view on the theories and practices of psychotherapy

本文借助生态主义的观点审视心理现象的规律性,分析心理问题及精神障碍的发生机制、反思心理咨询与治疗的过程及效果。并提出,对心理问题和精神障碍的治疗要有生态的意识,既要考虑对问题和症状本身的澄清与聚焦,也要考虑与症状有关的人格基础的修复与成长;既要探索与症状有关的心理缺陷,亦应考虑对解决问题和疗愈症状有作用的积极心理品质的培养以及推动有助于个体心理复愈的良性的外在环境的建构。

This article adopts an ecologistic perspective to analyze the regularity of psychological phenomena,examine the mechanisms of psychological problems and mental disorders,and discuss the process of psychological counseling and therapy.The author proposes that the practice of counseling and psychotherapy should be directed with an ecological view.A practitioner needs to not only focus on the problems and symptoms,but also consider the restoration and development of the personality foundation of the individuals who seek for help.A practitioner should not only pay attention to visitors＇ psychological defects,but also try to assist the development of their positive characters which could alleviate symptoms,and promote the construction of their outer environments that are beneficial for psychological rehabilitation.