公共研发投资对企业研发投入杠杆作用的研究

A research on the ieverage of public R&D investment on enterprise R&D investment

在我国,由政府支持的公共研发部门(主要包括高等院校和科研院所)和企业构成了社会研发系统。在此系统内,企业的研发投资决策变化,会影响公共研发投资杠杆作用的效果。本文运用FGLS方法,利用2009-2013年规模以上工业企业省际面板数据,从社会研发系统的视角,探讨了当系统内企业受政府R&D资助强度变化时,公共研发投资对企业研发投入杠杆作用的变化。研究发现公共研发投资的杠杆作用存在区域差距,在政府对企业R&D资助强度大的地区,政府支持高等院校研发会促进本地区企业研发投入,且促进效应会因其对企业R&D资助强度大而加剧,但支持科研院所研发会挤出本地区企业研发投入;而在资助强度小的地区,影响则完全相反。因此各级政府在进行公共研发投资时应注意科技投入的精准化,合理搭配政策工具。

In China, public R＆D departments supported by the government （mainly including colleges,universities and scientific research institution） and enterprises constitute the social R＆D system. In this system, the changes of government R ＆ D funding will affect the leverage effect of public R＆D investment. This paper starts from the perspective of social R＆D system,uses FGLS method with the provincial panel data of industrial enterprises in 2009 -2013 to explore the change of leverage effects, which caused by government R＆D funding changes. The study found that there is a difference between the leverage of public R ＆ D investment in different areas. At the place where the enterprises are highly supported by government R＆D funding,it will have a positive effect on promotion of enterprise R＆D investment when government supports colleges and universities,but also have a negative effect on promotion of enterprise R＆D investment when government supports scientific research institution. However, where the enterprises are lowly supported by government R＆D funding,the impact is completely opposite. Therefore, all the governments should pay attention to the precision of investment in public R ＆ D investment and use policy tools in a reasonable way.