城乡义务教育均衡发展内涵、现状及实现路径

Connotation,Present Situation and Realization Path of Balanced Development of Compulsory Education in Urban and Rural Areas: A Literature Review

一直以来,城乡义务教育均衡发展因政策导向及现实需求而备受关注。本文通过对城乡义务教育均衡理念的梳理,明确提出城乡义务教育均衡遵循"机会均等—投入均等—产出均等—受益均等"的动态发展过程。结合义务教育发展非均衡的现状及前人对义务教育非均衡的制度解释,研究发现,财政分权所引致的地方政府间竞争会压缩义务教育财政投入空间,而晋升机制以及城镇化的推进进一步将有限的财政投入倾斜在能够创造更多经济增长的城市上来,从而加剧义务教育城乡非均衡。因此,合理划分中央与地方财政事权与支出责任,改善晋升机制,促进激励相容,有效推进城镇化是实现城乡义务教育均衡发展的有效路径。

The balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas has attracted much attention due to the policy orientation and realistic needs all along. By combing the concept of balanced education between urban and rural areas, the paper argues that the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas should follow the dynamic development process of ＂equality of opportunity - equality of input - equality of output - equality of benefit＂. Based on the present situation of unbalanced development of compulsory education and the unbalanced system explanation of compulsory education by predecessors, we find that the competition between the local governments will compress the financial investment of compulsory education space, and the promotion mechanism and the urbanization further promote the limited financial investment tilt to create more economic growth in cities, thereby increasing the imbalance of compulsory education in urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is an effective way to realize the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education by rationally dividing the responsibilities of central and local fiscal responsibility and expenditure, improving the promotion mechanism, promoting incentive com- patibility and effectively promoting urbanization.