教师与学生的理想学生观念研究--兼论开放型问卷数据的定量分析

A Study on Teachers' and Students' Beliefs about Ideal Students

学生的理想学生观念反映了学生作为学习者的自我认识,并对其受教育动机和愿望有重要影响,而教师的理想学生观念与教室内主流的教育教学模式紧密相关。研究采用半结构式问卷的方法,让教师和学生罗列出他们认为理想学生应具备的最重要的五项特征。研究结果表明,小学教师和学生的理想学生观念主要体现在学习、道德、行为和身心发展四个类别上,其中学生的理想学生观念中成绩好非常重要,但对学习动机、学习能力和学习习惯的重视程度不高;而教师的理想学生观念中最重要的是学生的品德,教师对学习成绩、学习动机和学习能力的重视程度较高,对学习习惯的重视程度较低。教师与学生的理想学生观念存在差异,且他们的观念与国家课程改革提出的教育目标也存在差异。

Students＇ belief about ideal students is a reflection of students＇ self-knowledge as learners, and has a significant influence on their educational motivation and desire. Teachers＇ belief about ideal students is closely related to the mainstream teaching mode in classrooms. Adopting a semi-structured questionnaire, this study asks both teachers and students to make a list of five most important characteristics an ideal student should have. The study yields the following results： the students＇ beliefs about ideal students are embodied in their ideas about learning, morality, behavior, and physical and mental development, among which top academic achievements is considered very important. Learning motivation, learning aptitude and learning habits are not attached much importance; While in teachers＇ belief about ideal students, morality is considered most important. Academic achievements, learning motivation, learning aptitude are also considered important, but learning habits are not given much importance. Differences exist not only between teachers＇ beliefs and students＇ beliefs, but also between both teachers＇ and students＇ beliefs and the educational goals of national curriculum reform.