传统史学天人合一思维的形成与演变

The Formation and Evolution of the Thought of Tian-ren-he-yi( Union of Heaven and Man) in Traditional Historiography

司马迁提出"究天人之际"撰史旨趣,标志着传统史学天人合一思维的形成。从理论渊源来讲,《周易》的天人合一思维,战国邹衍的五德终始说,汉代董仲舒的天人感应论,对于司马迁"究天人之际"思维的形成都有重要的影响。司马迁之后传统史学的发展,也一直延续了这样一种天人合一思维特点,从汉代宣扬天人感应论,到魏晋重视名教与自然之辨,再到宋明强调天理与人欲之分,反映了传统史学天人合一思维演变的过程,而伴随着这一过程的则是传统史学天人合一思维从两汉重神意、魏晋法自然到宋明哲理化的演变轨迹。传统史学天人合一思维体现了传统史学的整体性思维和二重性思维特点。

The purport of writing raised by Sima Qian is Studying Man-Nature Relationship, which marked the formation of the thought of Tian-ren-he-yi （Union of Heaven and Man） in traditional historiography. In term of theoretical origins, the thought of Tian-ren-he-yi in ZHOUYI, the theory of Five Virtues raised by Zou Yan in the Warring State Period and theory of Interaction between Heaven and Man from Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty contributed to the formation of Sima Qian＇s thought. The characteristic of this thought has been retained in the development of historiography after Sima Qian. It reflects in the evolution from the theory of Interaction between Heaven and Man flourishing in Han Dynasty, to attaching importance to arguing of Confucian ethical codes and nature in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and then to emphasizing distinction of Natural Theory and desire of people in Song and Ming Dynasties. Accompanied by this process, it is the evolutional path of traditional historiography of the thought of Tian-ren-he-yi from stressing destiny in Han Dynasties, to stressing nature in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and to being philosophized in Song and Ming Dynasties. The thought of Tian-ren-he-yi in traditional historiography reflects characteristic of holistic and dualistic thinking.