从世俗之言到国史之论:试论《宋史·李全传》的史料来源

From the Words of Ordinary People to the Official Records:A Study of the Sources of “Liquan Zhuan”in SONGSHI

《宋史·李全传》大部分出自《淮东补史》一书。其作者刘子澄,非文献中误载的静春先生刘清之,而应是玉渊先生刘清叔。他曾参与平定李全之乱和端平入洛等晚宋重大军政事件,所撰《淮东补史》一书对于李全事迹记载甚详,后经元人修史时收入,奠定李全传的基本格局。《宋史》秉持了"崇道德而黜功利"的修纂原则,传记中的文字程式化的内容居多,传文的铺排建立在合乎儒家社会及伦理价值的基准之上。然而《李全传》与其他诸传不同,它细节生动,人物形象饱满,文字详尽,这与它主要倚仗私人稗史材料修成有关,而这在中国历史的书写历程中并非特例,尤其对于叛臣,更是如此。通过分析李全本传的史源,有助于人们理解历史书写脉络中的多维互动模式。李全作为叛臣被记载,他的传记同时提供了研究儒家意识形态在官方书写层面如何运作的鲜活个案。

Most of the records of ＂ Liquan Zhuan＂ in SONGSHI come from HUAIDONGBUSHI, whose author is Liu Qingshu, namely, Mr Yuquan, instead of Liu Qingzhi, namely, Mr Jingchun. Liu Qingshu had a hand in some military and political affairs, such as putting down the rebellion of Li Quan and recovering Luoyang during the reign of Emperor Duanping, so the HUAIDONGBUSHI recorded the affairs of Li Quan in detail, and it was included in SONGSHI by historical officers of Yuan Dynasty, becoming the main body of ＂Liquan Zhuan＂. With the principle of ＂respecting morality and dishonoring achievements＂ in compilation of SONGSHI, most of its biographies are highly stylized and arranged grounding on Confucianism. However, thanks to revising from the private history, ＂Liquan Zhuan＂ is with vivid details and lively figures in fancy description, which is different from other biographies. This isn＇ t a special case in the compilation of history in China, especially for those of betrayers. Analyzing the sources of ＂ Liquan Zhuan＂ can reveal multi-interaction patterns in historical writing. Li Quan was recorded as a betrayer, and his biography provides a case interpretation on how Confucian ideology works on official writing.