沉郁与欢娱:唐长安节假日里的佛、道之争

Solemnity and Cheerfulness:Festival Competition Between Buddhism and Taoism in the Capital of Tang Dynasty

在唐代都城长安,七月十五中元节宗教体验大多是在佛教场所进行。节假日当天民众对佛、道二教的不同参与表明,佛教以"盂兰盆会"对报父母恩的强调,备受民众欢迎,而民众对道教出于谢罪自省的中元斋会则相对冷落。佛教凭借七月十五"盂兰盆会",找到了民众孝顺父母这一最基本的精神需求,吸引了更广泛的信众,从而在中国岁时文化方面,相对道教取得了成功。此外,"盂兰盆会"仪式本身对社会关系的重建,也是其自身吸引力所在。

In the Tang Dynasty capital Chang＇an,Zhong Yuan（on the 15 th of the seventh lunar month）Festival＇s religious experience mostly carried out in Buddhist places.People＇s different preferenes for participation in Buddhist and Taoist sites showed that Buddhism was more popular and acceptable than Taoism because of the emphasis on repaying parental love in Buddhism rather than the apology and introspection in Taoism.Depending on the ＂Yu-lan-pen＂（ullambana） rite in the community, Buddhism has just meet the most basic spiritual needs of people,and attracted a wider range of adherents.Accordingly,Buddhism beat Taoism in influence during this Chinese festival.Besides, the ＂Yu-lan-pen＂（ullambana） rite itself for the reconstruction of the social relations,is also its another attraction.