权利位阶在中国司法中的运用与克制

Application and Restraint of Rights Order in Justice of China

权利位阶讨论在我国学界的兴起与我国民法20世纪80年代强调义务本位,90年代回归权利本位的学术大环境相映成趣。权利位阶理论对于立法、司法均有重要作用。立法将立法者业已形成的价值判断通过法律进行固化。权利位阶理论在立法层面的运用多体现在立法过程中和立法者的价值判断形成中,其在司法层面的适用可根据是否有法可依分为在法律解释中的适用与在个案平衡中的适用,适用中要保持克制。在现实中,通过对立法目的解释的充分尊重,对法律解释中得出的结论谨慎类推,对个案平衡得出的结论原则上仅适用于个案等多种途径实现权利位阶在司法中适用的克制。

The rise of the discussion of right order in Chinese academic circles is related to the academic environment,which is occupied by the obligation standard in the 1980 s and is back to the mainstream of the rights in the 1990 s.The theory of right order plays an important role in legislation and justice.The value judgment that the legislator has formed is solidified in the legislation.The application of the theory of right order in the legislative aspect is reflected in the legislative process and the value judgment of the legislator.According to whether there is a law basis,the application of the theory of right order in the judicial aspect can be divided into the application of thelegal interpretation and case measure.The application of right order in the judicial process should be restrained：full respect for the purpose of legislation is needed;the conclusions drawn from the legal interpretation should be interpreted with caution;the conclusions drawn from the case measure are only applicable to these cases in principle.