论现代监狱建筑功能与格局选择——以法社会学与社会人类学为视角分析

On the Function and Pattern Selection of Modern Prison Architecture——From the Perspective of Sociology of Law and Social Anthropology

建筑的使用要求,是决定建筑形式的基本因素,建筑的功能设计以满足使用为基准。现代监狱建筑被赋予现代刑罚任务实现和刑罚文明展示两大社会文化符号意义,为罪犯重新复归社会提供便利,对社会公共文化起导向作用。监狱建筑的功能设计与格局选择应当以保障执行惩罚为基础,以落实教育改造内容为基本准则,用建筑的器物功能和符号文化涵义促进罪犯社会人际修复。因此,监狱建筑的功能设计与格局选择需要从社会发展、人性自然、国家法治的大层面思考,坚持以人为本的原则,以安全、实用为基础,彰显刑罚惩罚、教育改造、人际回归和人道文明等符号文化,满足监狱行刑各个阶段、层次任务的需要。

The practical use of an architecture determines its form. The functional design of architecture should target its actual use as the benchmark. Modern prison architecture is commissioned with two social cultural symbolic significances to implement modern penalty and display penalty civilization. It provides the convenience for the criminals to reintegrate into the society, and plays a guiding role for the public culture. The function design of prison architecture and pattern selection should guarantee the implementation of punishment as the foundation, in order to fulfill the education reform as the basic criterion, and promote the healing of criminals＇ social interpersonal relations with the architecture＇s material function and the cultural connotation of symbols. Therefore, the design and pattern selection of prison architecture should take into account grand issues such as social development, human nature and rule of law, adhere to the people-oriented principle, highlight symbolic culture like penalty, education reform, interpersonal heal and humanitarian civilization on the basis of security and practicality, and meet penalty execution needs of each stage and each level.