论职业禁止与禁止令的关系

On the Relationship between Occupation Prohibition and Prohibition Order

从内容来看,职业禁止对于利用职业便利实施犯罪和违反职业要求的特定义务的犯罪人进行从业限制;缓刑和适用于管制的禁止令包括"禁止从事特定活动",亦有禁止从事特定职业的内容。从性质来看,在国外立法例中职业禁止包含在禁止令之中,其性质有的是附加刑,有的是保安处分;我国的职业禁止与禁止令则是两种制度,其性质类似保安处分但又有区别。从适用来看,职业禁止不适用于缓刑,其与缓刑中的禁止令没有竞合关系;职业禁止适用于管制的刑罚执行完毕之后,而管制中的禁止令适用于管制刑执行期间;职业禁止也可以适用于管制的刑罚执行期间,与管制中的禁止令产生竞合,有助于扩充管制刑的内容,扩大管制刑的适用。

In view of the content, occupation prohibition aims at crimes committed by making use of the convenience occupation or violating specific occupational requirements. Prohibition orders concerning probation and control consist of ＂prohibition from engaging in certain activities＂ and prohibition from engaging in specific occupation. In view of the nature, prohibition orders contain occupation prohibition in foreign nature of which belongs to either additional penalties or security measures. China＇s occupation legislations, the prohibition and prohibition order are two different kinds of systems. The nature is similar to security measures, but with some differences. From the practical point of view, occupation prohibition does not apply to probation. There is no competing relationship between occupation prohibition and the probation ban. Occupation prohibition can applied after the completion of control penalty, while the prohibition order is applicable during the execution of control produce punishment. Occupation prohibition can also be applied to the execution period of control penalty, and competition with the prohibition order of control, which will contribute to the expansion of control penalty and expand the application of criminal punishment.