微小RNA与恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展

Advances in the relationship between miRNA and malignant cancer

微小 RNA（miRNA）是真核生物中一类长19～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小 RNA 分子，在转录后水平对基因表达进行负调控，在细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡过程中发挥着调节器的功能。肿瘤是涉及原癌基因的激活与抑癌基因的失活，其发生与发展过程是多因素、多步骤的。研究表明 miRNA 的表达与恶性肿瘤的侵袭、转移和复发有一定的相关性。研究并了解 miRNA在肿瘤的发生、发展及转移过程中所发挥的作用，有助于我们找到治疗肿瘤的新方法。该文就 miRNA 的结构和生物学特性，以及与肿瘤的发生、发展、治疗、诊断及预后等方面所发挥的潜在价值作一综述。

miRNAs are small（approximately 19 ~25 nucleotides）endogenous,non-coding RNAs that play significant roles in gene ex-pression by cellular transcripts,resulting in mRNA translational inhibition,which are involved in cell proliferation,differentiation,apop-tosis as important regulator.Malignant tumor is involving genetic dysregulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes,the gene-sis and development of whichis a multi-factor multi-step.Studies have shown that there is certain correlation between miRNA expressio-nand malignant tumor invasion,metastasis and recurrence.Studying and understanding the effect of miRNA is helpful for researching new treatment method of cancer.This paper reviews the structure and biological characteristics of miRNA and discusses its relationship with tumor genesis,treatment,diagnosis and prognosis.