磷素对花生碳氮含量及生长发育的影响

Effect of Phosphorus on Carbon,Nitrogen Content and Development of Peanut

为进一步明确磷素对花生生理特性及生育效应,采用水培与砂培试验相结合,研究了磷对花生不同生育时期植株碳、氮含量、碳氮比及生长发育的影响。结果表明：（1）水培条件下,磷胁迫处理降低了花生幼苗叶片净光合速率及各器官（根、茎、叶）蛋白质含量,增加了各器官可溶性糖、淀粉含量;抑制了幼苗生长发育,根茎叶干物质重分别降低4.2%、10.9%和9.7%。（2）砂培条件下,花生结荚期叶片净光合速率、碳含量、氮含量及碳氮比均随施磷量的增加而增加,施磷30-90kg/hm2范围内,上述4项指标较不施磷对照分别增加21.2%-34.2%、23.9%-42.1%、13.9%-22.3%和8.9%-17.0%;饱果期,花生叶片碳含量及碳氮比均随施磷量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,对叶片光合作用和氮含量影响较小;荚果产量随施磷量的增加而增加,施磷处理较对照增产11.3%-23.5%。因此,合理施磷能够有效调控花生植株碳氮代谢,进而促进生长发育及产量形成。

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of phosphorus（P）on physiological and developmental characteristics of peanut.A solution culture and a sand culture experiment were used to evaluate the influence of P on carbon（C）,nitrogen（N）content,C/N ratio and plant development at different growth stages of peanut.The result showed that：1）In solution culture experiment,net photosynthetic rate of leaf and protein content of each organ both decreased under P stress treatment.And soluble sugar content,starch content and C/N of each organ increased under P stress treatment.In addition,P stress restrained development of peanut seedling,and the dry matter weight of root,stem and leaf reduced by 4.2%,10.9% and 9.7%,respectively,under P stress treatment.2）In sand culture experiment,leaf net photosynthetic rate,C content,N content and C/N increased with increasing P level at pod-bearing stage.When P2O5 was applied during 30-90kg/hm2,the above four parameters increased by 21.2%-34.2%,23.9%-42.1%,13.9%-22.3% and 8.9%-17.0%,respectively,compared to the control（no P fertilization）.In pod-filling stage,C content and C/N of leaf first increased and then decreased with increasing P level.P fertilization had little effect on leaf net photosynthetic rate and N content.Pod yield increased with increasing P level.Pod yield in P stress treatment was 11.3%-23.5% higher than that of control.So rational application of P fertilizer could regulate C and N metabolism of peanut plant,and then promote plant development and yield formation.