人类的规范性：创造和改变规范

The Normativity of Human:Creation and Change of Norms

康吉莱姆把"生物规范性"看作有机体在病态状态下创造新的功能性规范的能力。从康吉莱姆的这一定义出发,可进一步分析皮亚杰如何从儿童认知心理学的角度研究儿童道德规则意识的起源,以及儿童道德规则意识在不同年龄段的演化。通过分析托马塞洛如何从人类认知的文化起源视角,比较文化因素在非人灵长类动物和儿童个体发育中的不同作用,则可发现"语言的建构作用"对于人类规范性意识发展的基础作用。把康吉莱姆和皮亚杰的理论联系起来,并以儿童创造和改变规范的心理学研究为例,是揭示规范性概念的理论内涵的一种路径。

Georges Canguilhem considers the 'biological normativity'as the organism creates the new functional norms in the pathological state.Pr.Claude Debru analyses how Piaget studies the origin of the children's conscience of moral normativity in terms of cognitive psychology,and how Piaget elaborates the evolution of this conscience in different ages.Meanwhile,he analyses how Tomasello compares the different effects of the cultural factor in the ontogenesis between nonhumain primates and children,and Tomasello points out the fundamental signification of the'constructive function of language'for the development of human's normative conscience.Debru tries to connect Canguilhem with Piaget,whose studies concern how children create and change the norms,and he tries to analyze the theoretical signification of the normativity on the basis of these psychological studies.