塑造人民——对卢梭“社会契约”的一种解释

The Formation of the People——An Interpretation of Rousseau's "Social Contract"

卢梭以一种理论的彻底性探讨了人民的形成。人民通过契约而产生。契约既是一种历史事实,更是一种原则要求。而为了保障这种契约的原则性,卢梭特别强调了参与立约者的条件平等。正是这一要求,使得卢梭笔下的"人民"不再是一种自然的或自发的既定事实,而是一个被塑造、被建构的共同体。但这种建构性也暗示了这一人民共同体的内在脆弱,即这是一个始终有待于被维持、被完善的共同体,卢梭对立法者和公民宗教的阐述正表明了这一点。

Rousseau explores the formation of the people in a radical way.People are formed through contract.Contract is not only a historical fact,but also a fundamental principle.In order to protect the fundamentality of the contract,Rousseau emphasizes the equality of contractors.Due to this demand, 'people' in Rousseau's contract is not a natural or spontaneous fact,but a cultivated or structured community.This special nature of people indicates the vulnerability of the community.People is a community that needs to be constantly maintained and perfected.Rousseau's arguments on legislator and civil religion provethis point.