电焊工人发生电光性眼炎的危险因素分析

Analysis on risk factors of electric ophthalmia among weldors

目的分析电焊工人发生电光性眼炎的危险因素。方法采用回顾性问卷调查法，调查河南许昌地区从事电焊作业的工人2013年5月至2014年6月期间发生电光性眼炎的情况。拟合非条件逻辑回归模型进行多因素分析。结果215名调查对象中，电光性眼炎的发生率为34．88％。文化程度、工龄、劳动强度、个人防护用品配备、多人同时作业时隔离屏障配备等因素在发生电光性眼炎（或曾经出现过类似症状）组和未发生电光性眼炎（或未出现过类似症状）组的分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而性别、年龄、企业类别、接受培训等则在两组中差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。文化程度低、工龄未超过10年、每天劳动强度超过7h、作业时仅佩戴普通墨镜或裸眼作业以及多人同时作业时未设隔离屏障等，可能增加电光性眼炎的发病风险。结论电焊工人文化程度、工龄、劳动强度以及防护设备等因素可能与电光性眼炎的发生有关，在预防眼部损害、保障职业安全时，应注重上述因素的影响。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of electric ophthalmia among weldors. Methods From May 2013 to June 2014, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the weldors from 37 factories in Xuchang City of Henan Province. These weldors were divided into two groups： electric ophthalmia group （occurred any of these symptoms） and asymptomatic group. Multiple factor analysis and the logistic regression model were used to estimate the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval （95% CI）. Results The incidence of electric ophthalmia was 34. 88% among 215 weldors. There were statistically significant differences between two groups in education level, the length of service, working load, using personal protective equipment, and supply of protective screen with several weldors working at the same time （ P 〈 0.05）. The differences in gender, age, type of factories, and accepting training between two groups were not statistically significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The possible risk factors of electric ophthalmia among weldors might include low education level, the length of service less than 10 years, higher working load, lack of personal protective equipment or protective screen. Conclusion The education level, the length of service, work duration, and using protective equipment among weldors might be related to electric ophthalmia. Some effective measures pointed to the above possible impact factors should be proposed to prevent electric ophthalmia.