锻造操作机钳口的结构分析与设计

Structure analysis and design on the jaw for forging manipulator

钳口是锻造操作机夹持机构中与工件直接接触的元件,其结构决定着操作机夹持力的确定。针对锻造操作机钳口的夹持力分析模型,提出钳口与工件摩擦因数、钳口长度和钳口夹持销轴中心距是确定夹持力的关键因素。根据钳口夹持特点,实验研究"冷"钳口与"热"工件之间摩擦因数的变化规律,分析了钳口与工件接触面摩擦因数的取值范围;研究被夹持工件的类型和结构特点,确定了钳口长度的设计原则;分析了被夹持最小工件直径对操作机设计和应用的影响,研究了被夹持最小工件直径的确定方法;明确基于钳口满足强度条件下质量最轻来进行优化设计并确定钳口夹持销轴中心距的研究思路,为锻造操作机钳口结构设计提供了有效支撑。

The jaw is the component contacting with workpiece directly in the forging manipulator clamping mechanism,and its structure determines the clamping force of manipulator. Based on the clamping force analysis model of the forging manipulator jaw,the key factors such as the friction factor between jaw and workpiece,the length of jaw and the center distance of jaw clamping gripper were proposed.According to the jaw clamping character,the varying rule of friction factor between the ‘cold＇jaw and the ‘hot＇workpiece was studied by experiment,and the value range was analyzed. Then,the type and structure characteristics of clamped workpiece were studied,and the design principles of jaw length were determined. Furthermore,the influences of the minimum diameters of clamped workpiece on design and application of manipulator were analyzed,and the determination method of the minimum diameter of clamped workpiece was studied. Finally,the optimization design with the minimum weight was carried out by meeting the strength conditions of jaw,and the research clue of determining the center distance of jaw clamping gripper was confirmed. Therefore,it provides effective support for structural design of the forging manipulator jaw.