原发免疫性血小板减少症动物模型研究进展

Progress in Animal Models of Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是一种以血小板减少、伴或不伴皮肤黏膜瘀紫、鼻衄、内脏出血等为特征的自身免疫性疾病,ITP动物模型是深入研究ITP发病机制与治疗方法的主要手段,在ITP的研究中一直发挥着重要作用。因此,如何制备与临床接近的动物模型是ITP研究领域的关键问题。目前原发免疫性血小板减少症动物模型的研究方法众多,主要有免疫造模、自发免疫模型、转基因造模以及其他造模方法。免疫造模是最常用的方法,实验用动物主要是小鼠,常用的注射途径是腹腔注射,常用的免疫原有抗血小板血清、单克隆/多克隆抗体、血小板等,自发模型与转基因模型比较少用。此外也有结合中医理论开展病证结合模型的研究,主要有ITP热盛证模型,ITP肾阴虚证模型,ITP气不摄血证模型等,为该病的证候研究提供了基础。本文对近些年来ITP疾病、病证结合动物模型的研究进展进行了比较系统的分析与总结,希望对该疾病的动物模型的进一步研究提供参考。

Primary immune thrombocytopenia（ITP）,which characterizes platelets decreasing,the body bleeding,the skin mucous membrane blood stasising and purple,epistaxis,and visceral hemorrhage,is an autoimmune disease. ITP animal model is the main method of studying the pathogenesis and treatment of ITP,and has played an important role in the study of ITP. Therefore,how to create and close to the clinical animal model is the key issue in the field of ITP research. At present,there are many methods to create the animal model of ITP,such as injecting anti-plateletserum or platelet,transgenic models,Spontaneous immune models,transgenic modeling and other modeling methods. Immunological modeling is the most commonly used method,the experimental animals are mainly mice,commonly used injection is intraperitoneal injection,commonly used immunogen anti-platelet serum,monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies,platelets,spontaneous model and transgenic model use less. In addition disease and syndrome combination models with heat syndrome,Kidney yin deficiency syndrome and syndrome of qi failing to control blood. The research progress of ITP in disease models and model of disease and syndrome combination will be summarized and analyzed in this article,and to provide reference for further study of ITP animal models.