户籍获取、工资增长与农民工的经济同化

Urban Hukou Acquisition,Wage Increase and Economic Assimilation of Migrant Workers in China

由于户籍的不同,农民工在城镇劳动力市场上遭受歧视性的待遇,这严重阻碍了其与本地城市居民的经济同化过程。本文实证考察农民工获取本地城市户籍对其工资增长的影响,并将土地被征收从而取得城市户籍作为农转非户籍转换的工具变量。基于中国城乡流动调查数据的估计结果表明:与持有农业户籍的农民工相比,本地城市户籍的获取显著增加了农民工的工资水平。渠道分析表明,城市户籍的获取打破了职业进入壁垒,使得农民工能够进入较高收入的职业;城市户籍的获取减轻了户籍的工资歧视程度;城市户籍的获取降低了工作流动性,企业特定人力资本的提升也有利于农民工工资的增长。与本地原始城市居民的对比分析表明,城市户籍的获取几乎消除了之前因户籍差异造成的对工资的不利影响。

Household registration system reform needs to push further in order to boost the urbanization process in current China.Rural migrant workers are discriminated in the urban labor market, which impedes their economic assimilation with urban residents. This paper tests whether and how urban hukou acquisition increases rural migrant workers＇ wage. Using the natural experiment of land expropriation and the data from Rural Urban Migration in China survey ,we find that acquirers urban hukou significantly increase rural migrant＇ s wage rate than migrants who remain hold rural hukou. Channel analysis shows that the acquisition of urban hukou decreases hukou-based wage discrimination, increases chances to enter into high- wage industry and improves work stability which may boost firmspecific human capital accumulation. Lastly, comparison analysis using indigenous urban resident indicates that the acquisition of urban hukou almost perfectly eliminates hukou-based labor market wage disadvantages of migrant workers.