非农劳动供给:土地细碎化起作用吗?——基于刘易斯拐点的视角

Off-Farm Labor Supply:Does Land Fragmentation Work? Based on the Perspective of Lewis Turning-point

"农民与土地"的关系仍是新形势下农村改革的主线。本文系统梳理了土地细碎化和非农劳动供给之间的可能作用机制,并利用全国农村固定观察点2005-2012年数据,采用面板GMM方法实证测度了两者之间的作用关系。研究发现:在农村人口结构变化背景下,全国土地细碎化情况有所缓解,土地细碎化降低了农业产出,农业生产存在规模报酬递减特征。土地细碎化不仅降低了农业劳动边际生产力,还阻碍了农户非农参与概率、减少了农户非农供给时间,这种影响对年轻劳动力更为明显。政府及相关部门应该为农户自发的整村租入或相邻地块整片租入的农地流转提供及时的政策或配套措施支持,进一步推进土地平整,优化农业经营体系,加强高标准农田建设,促进农业现代化和新型城镇化相辅相成,有效推进农村一二三产业融合。

The relationship between farmers and land is still the main idea of rural reform under the new situation. Based on the household data of the National Rural Fixed observation Points in 2005-2012 ,the paper analyses land fragmentation on off-farm that the situation of land ffagme the theoretical mechanism and empirically tests the relationship of labor supply by using the method of panel GMM.The results reveal ntation is slowly easing under the changes of population structure in rural regions.Overall,land fragmentation reduces the agricultural output and the negative returns to scale exist in agricultural production.Besides, land fragmentation indeed leads to lower the marginal productivity of labour and hindered the probability and time of participating in off-farm works. Especially,it is more obvious for young workers. The government should provide policy support timely for the transfer of land adjacent or the whole village among farmers spontaneously, promote land consolidation, optimize the management system of agricultural, and strengthen the high construction of standard farmland.Therefore, the complement of agricultural modernization and new urbanization are promoted, and the integration of rural one two three industry is effectively propelled.