视觉信息辅助无人机侦察目标定位技术研究进展

Advances in Target Location Based on Visual Information for UAV Photoelectric Reconnaissance

传统无人机侦察目标定位受限于平台、位姿量测设备性能的影响,定位精度提升有限。随着光学传感器性能的完善、先进视觉信息处理技术的发展,在无人机侦察目标定位领域引入视觉信息分析对提升地面目标定位精度,降低系统复杂度和成本有积极意义。文章分别介绍了基于先验知识的视觉辅助目标定位方法和无先验知识的视觉辅助目标定位方法的研究进展,阐述了视觉处理的关键环节,并从定位精度、影响因素、系统复杂度、使用要求等方面对比分析了两类方法的优缺点。最后,结合当前国际上无人机产业发展趋势,针对中国无人机侦察目标定位的现状,给出了视觉信息在助力目标定位领域的技术发展策略和应用前景,为国内无人机光电侦察目标定位系统研制提供了新思路、新方法。

Due to the performance limitation of the UAV platform and measurement equipments, the target positioning precision of traditional UAV reconnaissance is hard to improve. With the enhancement of the performance of optical sensors and the development of advanced visual information processing technology, it is promising to introduce visual information analysis for improving the ground target location accuracy, which could reduce the system complexity and cost as well. In order to illustrate the advantages of employing the visual information, this paper presents the features and state-of-the-art of key issues of two categories： the geo-reference methods relying on the priori knowledge （such as map database） and the methods without any prior knowledge. The comparison of both categories is carried out, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed from the positioning accuracy, influence factors, system complexity and operating requirements. In light of the tendency of UAV industry development and the current status of domestic UAV reconnaissance, the prospect that the visual information promotes the performance of UAV target location is given. This paper could provide inspirations and solutions for the development of domestic UAV reconnaissance.