学习困难儿童与正常儿童听处理能力的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Auditory Processing Abilities between Children with and without Learning Difficulties

目的了解学习困难儿童听处理能力的特征及听处理障碍出现的比例,为学习困难儿童的教育干预提供启示。方法采用四个单因素完全随机实验设计,随机选取北京市2~4年级的学习困难儿童17名和正常儿童31名,采用根据美国言语语言听觉学会(American Speech-Language-Hearing Association,ASHA)标准原则编制的测试材料,对两组儿童进行低通滤波言语识别、竞争句聆听、双耳数字分听和频率模式识别四项能力测试。结果学习困难儿童在竞争环境下聆听目标句子和数字的能力以及识别频率模式的得分正确率分别为20.588%±27.265%、46.176%±17.724%、71.569%±30.055%,显著低于正常儿童(分别为60.0%±24.049%、68.065%±15.582%、93.817%±13.082%),学习困难儿童的听处理能力明显低于正常儿童;41.176%~58.824%的学习困难儿童患有听处理障碍。结论学习困难儿童在竞争环境下的听处理能力差,应进行针对性的训练。

Objective To study the auditory processing abilities of children with learning difficulty and determine the proportion of the children with auditory processing disorder.Methods A single factor completely randomized experimental design was used.Seventeen children with learning difficulties and 31 normal children from grade 2to grade 4in Beijing were induded in this study.The abilities of low-pass filtered speech,competing sentences,dichotic digits and frequency patterns were tested through auditory processing disorder screening test software.Results There were significant differences in the abilities of listening sentences and digits in competitive environment and recognizing frequency patterns between children with learning difficulty and without.The auditory processing ability of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer than normal children.The incidence of auditory processing disorder among the children with learning difficulties was 41.176%-58.824%.Conclusion The auditory processing ability in the competitive environment of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer and they need intervention specifically.