行政执法证据向刑事证据转换的思考

Translating Evidence from Administrative Law Enforcement to Criminal Evidence

行政执法证据是刑事证据的重要来源,2012年修正后的《刑事诉讼法》第52条第2款建立了行政证据与刑事证据的衔接机制。进入刑事司法阶段后,基于部分客观证据难以重复收集、刑事专业性限制和刑事诉讼效率的要求,进行两种证据的转换是很有必要的,而形式和采用标准上的趋同性以及立法探索和地方实践经验不断成熟也使两种证据转换现实可行。但是,由于两种证据的转换受制度构件缺陷和实践操作短板等原因制约,导致现行证据转换出现效率不高、以罚代刑等弊端。应通过明确行政证据收集主体、统一收集标准,健全证据移送机制,完善法律规范,强化检察监督等措施,逐步实现行政执法证据向刑事证据转换的有效衔接。

Administrative law enforcement evidence is an important source of criminal evidence after the amended Criminal Procedure Law Article 52, Clause 2 established the convergence mechanism of administrative evidence and criminal evidence in 2012. It is necessary to convert the two types of evidence because of the difficulty in collecting objective evidence, the pro- fessional restriction of criminal law enforcement and the efficiency of criminal procedure in the criminal justice stage. And the form and use of standard convergence, as well as the legislative exploration and local practice experience make the conversion of the two evidences feasible. However, due to system construction defects and operation difficulties in practice, there have some abuses in the existing convergence mechanism like low efficiency and substitution of fines for criminal punishment. It is necessary to uniform evidence collection standards and evidence transfer mechanism, and improve the legal system as well as strengthen supervision of the prosecution. Only in this way could we gradually realize the smooth transfer of the two types of evidence.