刍议青年马克思的现代性批判思想——一种建立在马克思思想内在连贯性基础之上的解读

Young Marx's Criticism of Modernity——A Discussion Founded on the Inner Connection of Marx's Thoughts

青年马克思在遭遇"物质利益"困惑之后开始了现代性批判,并在国家与市民社会的二元关系中确立市民社会的本体论地位,这奠定了马克思现代性批判的第一块基石。之后马克思在政治经济学的视域之下考察了市民社会的异化状态——人的异化与交往的异化,并且揭示了异化状态的历史基础——私有制,这预示着马克思将黑格尔哲学、政治经济学、共产主义熔于一炉。马克思的思想并没有出现截然对立的断裂,青年马克思的思想的确有别于后期马克思的思想,但是这种差异并非水火不容的对立,而是一种自然内在的逻辑演变。正是在这一时期,马克思形成了自己毕生研究的问题对象和研究路径。终其一生,马克思一以贯之的是对现代社会的道德、法、国家的批判以及对人之自由的执着探寻。

Young Marx began to criticize the modernity after being confused by ＂material interest＂, and established the ontological status of the civil society in the dual relationship between the state and the civil society, which laid the first comer- stone of Marx＇s modernity criticism. Then, from the perspective of political economy, Marx inspected the alienation of civil society ——the alienation of human and association, and revealed the historical basis of alienation ——private ownership. This indicates that Marx integrates Hegel philosophy, political economy and communism into his thoughts. While young Marx＇s thinking is different from his later thinking, his thoughts in different times did not contradict. The differences are but a natural logical evolution. At that time, Marx found the object and approach for his life-long study. Throughout his whole life, Marx consistently criticized the morality, law, and state of rnodem society, and pursued human freedom.