由恶变善:潮神伍子胥信仰变迁新探

From Evil to Good:New Approach on Development of Wu Zi-xu the God of Tide

涌潮形成之初,潮神信仰即随之产生。因古人将钱塘潮、广陵潮形成的原因和造成的破坏归因于伍子胥冤死泄愤,故伍子胥最早被视为潮神时,其形象乃是凶神。不过,随着两汉以来士人对伍子胥忠孝形象的强调和人们对涌潮成因认识的提高,魏晋以后,潮神伍子胥的形象渐趋正面。隋唐五代时期,由于钱塘江两岸低地的开发和人口增殖,钱塘江潮对现实生活的影响日益加剧。除先贤形象外,伍子胥司潮神职也为政府重视,故唐时对潮神伍子胥封号赐爵,将其纳入国家祀典。

The faith of the god of tide come out with tide bore formed. At first, the causes of the formation and destruction of Qiangtang tide and Guangling tide by ancients was attributable to Wu Zi - xu＇ s revenge because he was killed unjustly. Wu Zi - xu was regarded as the god of tide with evil image. A positive image of Wu Zhi - xu has been built up after Wei and Jin Dynasties, because the faith and filial piety of Wu Zi - xu was promoted by the scholar and people＇ S awareness of tide bore for- mation was improved since the Han Dynasty. The Qiantang tide bore has a growing impact on real life with the low lands exploi- tation and ever - increasing population along Qiantang river. The governments pay more attention on the tide - control ability of Wu zi - xu except his status of ancient sage. The God of tide Wu Zi - xu has been brought into state ritual system through given titles in the Tang Dynasty.