物质、世界、人:爱伦·坡的生命哲学论略

Matter,World and Human:On Allan Poe's Philosophy of Life

爱伦·坡对物质、世界以及人的理解独特而有深度。基于对物质本体的分析,他认为作为世界起源的终极物质是第一性物与原初同一性的同一状态,是矛盾的对立统一。世界就是由其逃离原初极简状态,向外辐射、流溢而产生。因其在逃离时既被赋予向外的张力,又形成趋向回归的引力,由此有形世界必将回归原初同一。人是终极物质的精神赋形,个体注定将向死亡母体回归,其生命就是不断向死亡行进的过程。由此,人对于世界的认知具有现象学特征,这也是人作为物质和思维主体朝向纯粹思维迈进的努力,其对死亡的回归是人生最大的"神性"福音。

Allan Poe has a unique and profound understanding about the universe, the matter and the human being. Based on the onto- logical analysis of the matter, he holds that the Matter, as the ultimate origin of the Universe, is the Oneness of the first thing and the original unity. By employing the Particles theory, he believes that the Universe was created by the omniscience of Particles and it doomed to back that state. Human being is the apparition of the ultimate matter, thus he is also destined to that fate. Human＇ s percep- tion of the Universe gains its phenomenal character, and it is also an effort of human, who, as the subjectivity of the Matter and the Mind, marches to a pure Mind.