“师法”向“门阀”的演进——“偃武修文”与东汉文人的士族化

Evolution from Knowledge and Technology Imparted by Teachers( Shi Fa) to Hereditary Aristocracy( Men Fa)——The Policy of “Stopping the War and Revitalizing Education”and Scholars' Gentrification in the Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉初年,政府推行"偃武修文"的国策,私学蓬勃发展。拥有众多弟子的经师们不仅声名远播,而且具备举荐人才、推荐弟子入仕为官的权力。经师及其推荐入仕的弟子们,父子相传,师徒相依,代代为官,逐渐拥有了雄厚的物质基础和丰富的人脉,于是"士族化"进程迅速开启,形成了一种具有"开放性"的"门阀制度"的雏形。在这一进程中,西汉以来的"师法"体制走向没落而"门阀"制度最终得以形成。

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han government implemented the national policy of stopping the war and revitalizing education so much so that private schools were thriving greatly. Confucian classics masters, together with their disciples, not only became widely known but also were empowered to recommend talents and their disciples to become government officials, which passed from fathers to sons and from masters to disciples for generations, having gradually accumulated a solid material foundation and a rich interpersonal network. Therefore, the process of the gentrification started and the hereditary aristocracy （Men Fa）system took shape, which eventually brought about the decline of the former since the Western Han Dynasty and the rise of the latter.