诗性自然——游观美学视域下的《楚辞》自然审美意识探微

Poetic Nature——Study of Nature Aesthetic Consciousness in Chu Ci under the Perspetive of Traveling Aesthetics

游观自然是人类审美生活的重要内容。《楚辞》中的自然不仅是楚地生活环境的再现,更作为诗人主体精神的象征而存在。一则,《楚辞》对山水景致的细腻描画显示了诗人对自然之美的感知能力;二则,《楚辞》中的比德自然已由《诗经》中随意、零散的表现渐渐整合为完整的比德系统;三则,《楚辞》中的自然具有鲜明的主体色彩,展现着诗人游走自然的诗意情怀;四则,《楚辞》中的"游观"不仅是外向的、现实的,还包含着心灵的"流观",具有超越意义。正是由于上述原因,《楚辞》中的外部世界突破了客观形状的局限,焕发着与主体心灵契合的美和诗意,从而完成了由《诗经》中的"生活自然"向楚骚"诗性自然"的美丽转身。

Traveling and enjoying natural beauty has occupied a larger part in people＇s aesthetic life. The natural beauty in Chu Ci, was not only the reproduction of the living environment of the State of Chu but also the symbolization and existence of the poets＇ subjective spirit. Firstly, the meticulus description of landscape refleeted the poets＇ perception of natural beauty. Secondly, the comparativee morality waw integrated into acomplete comparative morality system from the casual and loose reproduction in the Book of Songs. Thirdly, the natural beauty in Chu ci was of distinct subjective feature, reverling the potes＇ poetic sentiments subjective fea- ture, reverling the poets＇ poetic sentiments in traveling and sightseeing. Fourthly, traveling and sightseeing was not only confined to their physical and .realistic worlds, but aslo an embodiment of their spiritual enjoyment with transcendental significance. Due to the above-mentioned factors, the outer world in Chu Ci broke through the objective situations, rejuvenated the beauty and poetic flavor of their mind and body, thus, having completed the smooth transition from the life nature in the Book of Songs into the poetic nature in Li Sao by Qu yuan.