一株野生毛头鬼伞的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

Study on Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of a Wild Strain of Coprinus comatus

对采自芦芽山的一株大型野生食用菌ZMM-3进行了分离鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了研究。利用组织分离的方法获得该野生菌株,并且提取其基因组DNA,以其为模板扩增内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed space,ITS)片段并测序。根据ITS序列分析结果结合形态特征,将ZMM-3菌株鉴定为毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)。通过对ZMM-3菌株生物学特性的研究发现,其最适生长温度为25℃,最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为酵母粉,最适碳氮比为(10∶1)^(20∶1),最适pH值为7~8。采用棉籽壳、木屑、稻草、玉米芯、玉米秸秆等栽培料对该野生菌株进行了出菇栽培试验。结果表明,该菌株在稻草培养料上生长最快,在稻草和玉米秸秆上发满菌覆土即可出菇,其生物转化率分别为11.18%和22.28%,所以,玉米秸秆栽培料是ZMM-3菌株的最适栽培料。

ZMM-3, a large wild strain, was isolated, identified and its biological characteristics were studied. The method of tissue isolation was employed to obtain the ZMM-3 strain. Its Internal transcribed space（ITS）was amplified after the genomic DNA extracted and then sequenced. According to results of ITS sequence and morphological characteristics, ZMM-3 strain was identified as Coprinus comatus. The results showed that the optimum conditions for ZMM-3 strain were the following： temperature of 25 ℃, sucrose and yeast powder as carbon and nitrogen sources, ratio of carbon to nitrogen of（10∶1）-（20∶1）, pH 7-8. Finally, the agricultural residues（i.e.cottonseed hull, sawdust, straw, corn cob and corn stalk）were used to cultivate ZMM-3. The results showed that Zmm-3 formed fruiting bodies on straw and corn stalk substrates and the biological conversion rates were 11.18% and 22.30%, respectively. So corn stalk was the optimal material to cultivate ZMM-3.