肉桂醛及其衍生物对木材腐朽菌和霉菌的抑制作用

Decay and mould resistance of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives

天然存在的肉桂醛具有广谱的抗菌生物活性。为了开发环保、高效的木材防腐防霉剂,通过滤纸片法和处理材室内防腐防霉试验考察了肉桂醛及其3种衍生物对木材的防腐和防霉作用。滤纸片法实验结果表明,肉桂醛对4种供试菌种(即:密粘褶菌、彩绒革盖菌、黑曲霉和桔青霉)均表现出最强的抑菌性能。然而,在密粘褶菌对木材的腐朽试验中,对氯肉桂醛表现出最好的保护性能,在浓度为40 g/L时即达到Ⅰ级耐腐;肉桂酸表现出优于肉桂醛的保护能力,在浓度为10 g/L时即达到Ⅱ级耐腐,而肉桂醛在20 g/L时方可达到Ⅱ级耐腐。在彩绒革盖菌对木材的腐朽试验中,肉桂醛和肉桂酸在浓度为50 g/L时达到Ⅰ级耐腐。在防霉方面,肉桂醛与对氯肉桂醛对黑曲霉和桔青霉有最好的防霉效果,特别是对于桔青霉,在浓度为68.67 g/L时完全防止了桔青霉的霉变。对于黑曲霉,在同样浓度下,两种化合物处理的木材试样都只是发生了很少的霉变。肉桂醛及其衍生物表现出对木材很好的保护作用,且环境友好,可广泛应用。

Cinnamaldehyde, which naturally exists in the world, has a broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In order to develop an environmentally friendly and effective preservative against wood decay and mould fungi, decay and mold resistant abilities of cinnamaldehyde and its three derivatives were examined by a filter paper disk method and wood block laboratory tests. The result of the filter paper disk method showed that among the four compounds, cinnamaldehyde presented the best antifungal activities against all the four selected fungi, i.e., Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum. In the decay resistance experiment against Gloeophyllum trabeum, 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde showed the best performance and the treated wood could be ranked as Grade Ⅰ of wood decay resistance at the concentration of 40 g/L. Cinnamic acid presented better decay resistance than cinnamaldehyde, and the treated wood could be ranked as Grade Ⅱ of wood decay resistance at the concentration of 10 g/L. The treated wood could not be ranked as Grade Ⅱ until the cinnamaldehyde concentration was up to 20 g/L. In decay resistance experiments against Trametes versicolor, the wood treated with 50 g/L cinnamaldehyde or cinnamic acid could be ranked as Grade Ⅰ. As for mould resistance, cinnamaldehyde and 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde presented the best performance against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum, especially the latter mould fungous. Both cinnamaldehyde and 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde prevented the treated wood from the growth of Penicillium citrinum totally at a concentration of 68.67 g/L. As to Aspergillus niger,at the same concentration, both cinnamaldehyde and 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde presented good resistant abilities with little infected area. Cinnamaldehyde and the derivatives showed high decay and mold resistant abilities, and are environmentally friendly. Therefore, they have great application potential in wood preservation.