睾丸间质干细胞增殖分化及其调控

Regulatory Mechanism of Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Leydig Cells

睾丸间质干细胞(stem Leydig cells,SLCs)是哺乳动物睾丸间质内的一种成体干细胞,可以分化成为成熟的睾丸间质细胞,参与精子发生。目前,仅在人、大鼠和小鼠中成功分离出SLCs,并证实其具有分化成为睾酮分泌细胞的潜能。最新研究发现:PDGFRα、Nestin、Thy-1、CD51和COUPTFII等可作为SLCs的分子标记,但并不具有特异性。迄今,只在大鼠中建立了SLCs的基本分离培养体系。因此,本文拟从大鼠等SLCs的分子标记、分离培养条件、增殖分化调控以及哺乳动物LCs在精子发生过程中作用的研究进展等作一综述,以期为哺乳动物SLCs研究提供科学参考。

Stem Leydig cells（ SLCs）,which locate at interstitial compartment among the seminiferous tubules in the mammalian testis,are one type of somatic stem cells. SLCs are capable of maintaining selfrenewal and differentiating into adult Leydig cells（ LCs）,therefore SLCs play an essential role in spermatogenesis regulation. Nowadays,SLCs have been successfully isolated in rat,mouse and human.Cells transplantation proved that SLCs could differentiate into steroidogenic cells in locations outside the testis of rat. Further studies showed that PDGFRα,Nestin,Thy-1,CD51 and COUP-TFII have been considered as non-specific markers of SLCs and the isolation and culture system of rat SLCs has been established. This review presented a summary of the studies regarding to the markers,isolation and culture systems,proliferation and differentiation mechanisms of SLCs,as well as the roles of Leydig cells on spermatogenesis in mammalian,which would provide some references for the study of SLCs in mammalian.