冷战后越南的安全困境及其外交政策调整

Vietnam's Security Dilemma and Its Foreign Policy Adjustment in the Post-Cold War Era

东欧剧变与苏联解体使越南陷入冷战后的安全困境。如何维护越共政权的稳定、如何走出经济社会的恐慌,越南内部展开激烈的争论。国际局势的剧变与安全困境的威胁迫使越南认识到时代特点已从冲突向和平过渡,已从对抗转向对话合作。从世界观,到经济领域,再到外交政策,越南逐步淡化意识形态,确立其"增友减敌"、"开放的、多样化和多元化"外交政策。在战略上,越南注重地缘政治,回归地区,寻求以区域集体安全确保国家安全,确立了其与东南亚政策,并最终成为东盟中的一员。多元化外交与东盟成员身份,为越南政权稳定、经济社会发展奠定了坚实基础,而强调民族国家利益与区域合作则成为越南外交不断演进的一条主线。

With the drastic change of the Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Vietnam fell into the security dilemma after the Cold War. It had been intensely debated in Vietnam that how to maintain the stability of the Communist regime,and how the public get free from the economic and social panic. Vietnam realized that the new era was focusing on peace and cooperation instead of conflict and confrontation. Thus,Vietnam established its'open and diversified'foreign policy with the goal of establishing more friendships. At the strategic level,Vietnam emphasized on the importance of geopolitics and sought for regional security in order to ensure national security. Vietnam established its ASEAN policy and eventually became a member of ASEAN. Diversified diplomacy and ASEAN membership have laid a solid foundation for the regime stability and the economic development of Vietnam,while national interests and regional cooperation have become a major line of Vietnamese diplomacy evolution.