1961—2013年黄河三角洲气候变化趋势研究

Climatic Change Tendency in Yellow River Delta During 1961-2013

利用黄河三角洲地区11个气象站点1961—2013年间的气候数据,对该地区近53 a来的气候变化趋势及其特征进行了分析。结果表明:黄河三角洲地区气温整体呈上升趋势,气温倾向率为0.3℃/10 a;降水量、蒸发量、风速、相对湿度均呈波动减少趋势,气候倾向率分别为-12.6 mm/10 a、-69.4 mm/10 a、(-0.26 m/s)/10 a、-0.58%/10 a;黄河三角洲地区在20世纪60—70年代表现出明显的冷湿特征,80年代表现出过渡性的气候特征,90年代以来气候表现出明显的暖干特征;四季气温均呈波动上升趋势,其中冬季气温升幅最大,为0.34℃/10 a,夏季气温升温幅度最小;降水量在春季呈增加趋势,增加速率为0.54 mm/10 a,其他季节呈下降趋势,夏季下降最多;各季节蒸发量、风速和相对湿度均呈波动下降趋势;黄河三角洲地区6—8月气温高、降水丰富、蒸发旺盛、相对湿度大,风速较小。

The trends and characteristics of climatic change in the Yellow River delta were analyzed. It was based on climate data of 53 years from 1961 to 2013, which was collected from 11 meteorological sites in the Yellow River delta. Results are showed as follows that the temperature presents an increasing trend over the last 53 years and the temperature tendency rate is 0.3℃/10 a. Precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and relative humidity are all decreasing, and the climate tendency rate is -12.6 mm/10 a, -69.4 mm/10 a, （ -0.26 m/s） /10 a and -0.58%/10 a respectively, tt shows obvious characteristics of cold and wet in 1960s-1970s; it shows a transitional climate characteristic in 1980s and since 1990s the climate have showed obvious warm dry characteristics in the Yellow River delta region. The temperature of the four seasons shows a fluctuating upward trend, and the winter temperature rises at the largest rate, of which the temperature is 0.34℃/10 a. The rise rate of summer temperature is the smallest. The precipitation in spring every year is in increasing tendency, and the increasing rate is 0.54 mm/10 a. The other seasons show a downward trend and summer is the most obvious one. The average evaporation, wind speed and rela- tive humidity in each season are decreasing. From June to August the Yellow River delta region has the characteristics of high temperature, rich precipitation, strong evaporation and high relative humidity and less wind speed.