简化基因组测序技术及其在海洋生物研究中的应用

The Reduced-representation Sequencing Technique and Its Applications in Marine Organisms

传统开发遗传标记的方法通常会消耗大量的人力、物力和时间,伴随着高通量测序技术的飞速发展,一种高效的标记开发技术即简化基因组测序技术开始得到广泛应用.简化基因组测序技术可以在一次实验中获得成千上万的遗传标记,建库过程简易,成本较低.其通过实验手段降低基因组的复杂度,仅对部分基因组进行测序,随后在该部分获得的基因组开发分子标记.基于酶切的简化基因组测序技术可分为三大类:简化代表库测序、限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序和低覆盖度的分型测序.在海洋生物研究中,简化基因组测序技术已被广泛应用于群体遗传学、系统进化学、适应性进化、遗传图谱构建及数量性状位点定位等研究领域.

Traditionally, methods of molecular marker development were expensive and involved iterative, time-consuming PCR process.With the rapid development of next generation sequencing,a very efficient marker development technique,reduced-represen- tation sequencing, has been widely utilized in various research areas.The library construction protocol is simple with low cost.More- over,the reduced-representation sequencing could identify thousands of markers in only one sequencing process.It reduces the com- plexity of the genome,sequences the reduced genome and searches markers on this partial genome.The reduced-representation se- quencing can be grouped into three classes： reduced-representation sequencing, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing （RAD- seq）,and low coverage genotyping.This technique has been widely applied in population genetics, phylogenetics, adaptive evolution, linkage map and quantitative trait locus （QTL） mapping studies in marine organisms.