3Serena J, Segura T, Perez-Ayuso M J, et al. The need to quantify right-to-left shunt in acute ischemic stroke: a case-control study [J]. Stroke, 1998, 29:1322 - 1328.
4Lethen H, Flaschkampf FA, Schneider R, et al. Frequency of deep vein thrombosis in patients with patent foramen ovale and ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack [J]. Am J Cardiol, 1997, 80: 1066.
5Carcagni A, Di Sciascio G. Echocardiography in patent foramen ovale[J]. Ital Cardiol (Rame), 2006, 7:516 - 522.
6Droste DW, Lakemeier S, Wichter T, et al. Optimizing the technique of contrast transcranial doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunt[J]. Stroke, 2002, 33: 2211- 2217.
7Schwarze J, Sander D, Kukla C, et al. Methodological parameters influence the detection of right-to-left shunts by contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasonography [J]. Stroke, 1999, 30: 1234- 1239.
8Tallarico D, Chiavari PA, Mollo P, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography through nasal way as a guide to percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale [J]. Echocardiography, 2006, 23 : 790 - 794.
9Homma S, Sacco RL, Di Tullio MR, et al. Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke study[J ]. Circulation, 2002, 105:2625 - 2633.
10Lamy C, Giannesini C, Zuber M, et al. Clinical and imaging findings in eryptogenic stroke patients with and without patent foramen ovale: the PFO-ASA study. Atrial Septal Aneurysm [J ]. Stroke, 2002, 33:706 - 712.
