畸形“乌托邦”——《呼兰河传》中的正反噬合

A Malformed "Utopia" :The Positive and Negative Integration in "Tales of Hulan River"

乌托邦是人类思想中的美好社会形态,在近现代世界文学作品中,乌托邦话语呈现出一条特殊的文化文学史线索。中国历史文化中也有关于这一形态的经典概念,如家喻户晓的世外桃源。萧红的《呼兰河传》是萧红后期的回忆式巅峰作品,为中国现当代文学呈现了一种类乌托邦的叙述,小说中的呼兰河体现了萧红关于童年田园乌托邦的回望和反思,作为中国乡土社会形态的缩影,它承袭着来自传统正面的美的因素,也无法逃避来自传统负面的恶的侵害。萧红藉此乡土传记传递了对当时旧中国隐藏的阴暗面的反思,以及在回望传统社会理想时生发的痛苦和无奈。

Utopia is a perfect form of society in human＇s thoughts. In modern and contemporary literary works around the world, u- topia discourse presents a special clue of culture and literature history. There are also classic definitions of the form in Chinese history and culture, such as the well-know ＂a place for taking refuge＂. Xiao Hong＇s ＂Tales of Hulan River＂ is a recollec- tion-based masterpiece topping her works during her later peri- od, displaying a kind of narration similar to utopia for modem and contemporary Chinese literature. Hulan River in the novel re- flects Xiao Hong＇s memories and reflections of her childhood which is just like an idyllic utopia. As the epitome of China＇s ru- ral society, it carries the positive factors from traditions, but it is also affected by the negative factors from traditions. Through the local biography, Xiaohong transmits her reflections of the dark side of the old China, as well as her pain and frustration when she recollects traditional social ideals.