本草学毒性理念的源流探考与论述范式的诠解

Origin and development of concept of toxicology in herbalism

本草学是在传统医学理论指导下对传统"药"学的统称。中药的毒性理论蕴含于本草学药性理论之中,其论述范式则指撰写本草学著作所应用的指导原则。毒性理论的论述范式是经《神农本草经》《新修本草》《证类本草》的传承逐渐形成的,其形成在汉代"生生不息"观念的凝结中又涵摄了药性、毒副作用、药材基原、药材制备及配伍等复杂面向。经探考发现传统的"有故无殒"药性作用部分应回归四气及气味厚薄的记述;不当的药材基原部分应统属于药材来源的管控;特殊体质的不良服药反应不应归于毒性的记述,因剂量不宜或服用方法不当所产生的不良反应应回归到国家相关部门建议的项目之下;毒性分级分类的标准须有现代毒理的研究为基础同时严格限制使用剂量与适用范围。这将有助于重新建构既兼顾中药用药安全又能最大限度发挥中药特色的现代本草学。

Materia medica is the traditional medicine theory under the guidance of the traditional ＂medicine＂ science cotlectively. The toxicity theory of Chinese materia medica （CMM） is contained in the herbal theory of herbs, and the paradigm of hermeneutics is the guideline applied in writing the herbal literature. The form of the theory of toxicity is the result of the formation of mainstream of series ofmateria medica such as Shennong＇s Classic ofMateria Medica. Its formation is the condensation under the conception of Never end in the Han Dynasty, which contains the medicinal properties, toxic and side effects, compatibility, and other complex oriented. The exploration of the traditional ＂do not die＂ medicinal part should return to the four gas and odor thickness of the account; the original part of improper medicine should belong to the control of the source of medicine; Special physical adverse drug reactions should not be attributed to toxicity, due to dose or improper use of the adverse reactions should be returned to the relevant state departments under the proposed project; Toxic classification criteria must be based on modem toxicology research while strictly limiting the dose and scope of application. This will help to re-build CMM safety and maximize the characteristics of CMM to the modem herbal medicine.