论施密特的具体秩序思维

Specific Order Idea of Schmidt

施密特将法分解为规范、决断和具体秩序三个基本要素,具体秩序是规范生成与适用的背景,是决断的制度性条件,因而是法的最终概念。具体秩序生成于社会内部,其形式载体是制度,实质内涵则为正常情形下的整体状态,包含功能主义秩序和伦理实质两部分。具体秩序思维可以通过概括条款得以贯彻,实现对形式主义的扬弃,但这引发了法律不确定性问题。施密特主张通过"共识性"方案解决这一问题,但却为纳粹意识形态介入法律提供了通道。尽管如此,施密特的法理论在深化对于法律本质的认识上的智识努力仍是值得肯定的,为我们提供了一个看待"法"的多元视角。

Schmidt divides law into three elements such as regulation, decision and specific order,which is the generative and applicable background of the regulation, the systematic condition of decision and the ultimate concept of law. Specific order originates in society, the carrier is system, the connotation is the holistic state in normal condition, including functional order and ethical nature.Specific order can be carried out with general articles, and sublate formalism, which incurs the indefiniteness of law. Schmidt advocates tackling the problem with ＂common view＂, which provides Nazism with legal path. Nevertheless, Schmidt’s legal theory provides a plural ＂legal＂ perspective,which is an intellectual effort of deepening the recognition of nature of law worthy of affirmation.