抗半乳糖抗体相关疾病及其临床应用进展

Anti-Gal Antibodies Related Pathogeneses and the Clinical Application Progress

抗半乳糖(Gal)抗体是人体最丰富的天然抗体,与多种免疫疾病密切相关。Gal抗原在甲状腺细胞表面的异常表达导致了Graves病;病原体携带或分泌的Gal抗原,可引发机体出现"类自身免疫性疾病"的炎症反应;抗Gal抗体也是异种器官移植的免疫屏障。在抗病毒、细菌和肿瘤疫苗中表达Gal表位,可提高疫苗的免疫原性;注射Gal脂多糖还可将肿瘤细胞转变为自体抗肿瘤疫苗,而Gal纳米颗粒可加速切口愈合和组织修复。

Anti-galactosyl antibody（Anti-Gal） is the most abundant natural antibody in human, contributing to several immunological pathogeneses. Aberrant expression of the Gal epitope on thyrocytes may result in autoimmune processes, as in Graves disease. Gal epitopes produced by pathogens interact with anti-Gal and induce ＇autoimmune like＇ inflammatory reactions in Chagas＇ disease. Anti-Gal IgM and IgG further mediate rejection of xenografts expressing Gal epitopes. Additionally, anti-Gal has been exploited for various clinical potentials. It increases immunogenicity of microbial vaccines presenting Gal epitopes by targeting them for effective uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Tumor lesions are converted into vaccines against autologous tumor-associated antigens by intra-tumoral injection of Gal glycolipids, which insert into tumor cell membranes. Accelerated wound healing is achieved by application of Gal nanoparticles,which bind with anti-Gal, activate complement, and recruit and activate macrophages that induce tissue regeneration.