学龄前儿童哮喘预测模型的研究进展

Research Progress of Prediction Models for Asthma in Preschool Children

哮喘是儿童时期最常见的慢性疾病,约一半的儿童在1岁前至少经历过1次喘息或呼吸困难等哮喘样症状,其中部分可发展为哮喘。在临床实践中,医师主要结合家族史、特应质、吸入性或食入性过敏原致敏、外周嗜酸粒细胞、呼出气一氧化氮、喘息发生的严重程度等因素预测喘息儿童将来发生哮喘的概率。目前尚无可靠的客观手段以帮助临床医师进行学龄前儿童哮喘的诊断,因此提高对学龄前儿童哮喘的预测能力至关重要。

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. About half of children suffer one or more episodes of asthma-like symptoms like wheezing and dyspnea during the first 12 months of life, and some of them will develop into asthma. In the clinical practice, pediatricians often predict who will become asthma by considering the family history and factors like atopy, sensitization to aeroallergens or food, eosinophilia, FeNO, severity score of obstructive airways disease. It is difficult to make a diagnosis of asthma in preshool-aged children because of lack of objective exmnination, so it is crucial to improve the ability to identify preschool children with asthma-like symptoms at risk of developing asthma at school age.