清末科举制度废除研究的回顾与思考

Review and Reflections on the Abolishment of Imperial Examination System in Late Qing Dynasty

科举制度的废除因其对中国社会的深远影响而备受学界关注,研究重点主要集中于科举废除的缘起、影响和对科举废除的评价等方面。文章在回顾已有成果的基础上,提出今后的研究应进一步比较最高统治者、朝臣和社会大众在渐停科举与立停科举这两个时期的反应差异;在探讨科举废除的影响时,避免推论方法上的简化论倾向;区分对科举废除评价的"历史意见"与"时代意见",更多地还原"历史意见"。

The abolishment of the Imperial Examination system attracts much attention because of its profound influence on Chinese society. The academic research on the abolishment of the Imperial Examination mainly focuses on the cause, influence and evaluation. Based on the existing research, it is pointed out that future research should deepen the comparative study of the different responses of the monarch, minister and the public respectively both in the period of stopping the Imperial Examination system gradually and of stopping it immediately; avoid the methodological reductionism in the study of it; distinguish between historical opinion and time opinion, and pay more attention to historical opinion.