要素价格扭曲、技术创新模式与中国工业技术进步偏向——基于中介效应模型的分析

Factors Price Distortion,Technological Innovation Pattern and the Biased Technological Progress in China's Industry——An Empirical Study Based on Mediating Effect Model

技术进步是长期经济增长的源泉,技术进步偏向是资源要素配置特征的一种表现,考察中国工业技术进步偏向特征及其成因,对于优化技术创新模式、加快产业转型升级具有重要意义。本文通过引入要素价格扭曲和技术创新模式这两类指标,利用中介效应模型构建了中国工业技术进步偏向的影响因素体系。结果显示:现阶段中国工业的技术进步方向为资本偏向型,这将对收入分配和产业升级造成不利影响;近年来中国工业的要素价格存在负向扭曲,且扭曲程度并未得到有效遏制;技术进步偏向和要素价格扭曲程度均受到行业要素密集度的影响;要素价格扭曲通过直接效应和间接效应导致技术进步偏向资本,其中技术创新模式发挥的中介效应占总效应的比重为23%,可见引进型技术创新模式会加重技术进步的资本偏向。因而,积极推进要素市场化改革、提升自主创新能力是优化中国工业技术进步方向的必由之举。

Technological progress is the source of long-term economic growth,and the biased technological progress is one of expression forms of resource allocation.Analyzing the characteristics and causes of biased technological progress in China's industry has an important significance in optimizing the technological innovation pattern and speeding up the transformation and upgrading of industries.This paper introduces the factor price distortion and the technological innovation pattern indicators to build the influencing factor system by using the mediating effect model.The results demonstrate that the technological progress in China's Industry is capital-biased in recent years,which may adversely affect the income distribution and industrial upgrading.The factor price in China's industry is negative distorted and the degree of the factor price distortion has not been contained in recent years.Industries with different factor intensity has different factor price distortion and biased technological progress.The factor price distortion has an important significance in the capital-biased technological progress through the direct and indirect effect.The technological innovation pattern has played an important intermediated role in the linkage between factor price distortion and biased technological progress,which is 23% of the whole effect.And it could be seen that the technological innovation pattern which mainly depend on technology import will aggravate the capital-biased technological progress.So we should promote the market-oriented reform in factor market and increase the self-directed innovation to optimize the direction of technological progress in China's industry.