601例皮肤用药物致不良反应的原因分析及其预防对策

Analysis on Reasons of 601 Patients with ADRs Caused by Using Dermatological Drugs and Its Preventive Countermeasures

目的：分析医院近年来皮肤用药物致不良反应的原因及其影响因素及其预防对策，为合理用药提供参考。方法：采用回顾性分析法，选取2010年1月-2015年12间上报的601例皮肤用药物致不良反应报告，根据引起不良反应药物的种类、发病类型以及各类药物不良反应的发生情况，对601例皮肤用药物不良反应报告进行归纳总结，分析皮肤用药物引起不良反应的影响因素和趋势。结果：601例皮肤用药物致不良反应患者中女性患者336例占55．91％稍高于男性患者265例占44．09％；以20～40岁和〉40～60岁这两个年龄段的患者为最多，分别为293例占48．75％和186例占30．94％；不良反应由抗菌类药物、中药制剂、解痛类药物、生物制刑和其他药物引起的分别有437例（72．7l％）、31例（5．16％）、13例（2．16％）、7例（1．16％）和113例（18．8％）；药疹类型为发疹型、荨麻疹型、固定红斑型、红皮病型、重症多行红斑型以及表皮大疱，分别有320例（53．24％）、179倒（29．78％）、71例（11．8I％）、16例（2．66％）、13例（2．16％）和2倒（0．33％）。结论：皮肤用药物不良反应与患者年龄、性别和用药类别等多种因素有关，抗菌类药物是引起药疹的最主要药物，提高其合理用药对减少药疹的发病率尤为重要。

Objective： To analyze the reasons and the influencing factors of 601 patients with ADRs caused by using dermatological drugs and its preventive countermeasures, and to provide a reference of the rational use of drugs. Methods：601 cases of dermatologic ADRs reported between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the types of ADRs, and the incidence of ADRs, the report summarizes and analyzes the skin medicine causing ADRs, the influence factor and the tendency. Results： Among 601 cases of skin ADRs, the female patients accounted for 336 cases （55.91%） slightly higher than 265 cases of male patients （44.09%） between 20 and 39 years old, and 40 and 59 years of age（the most patients in these two age groups）. There were 433 cases （72.71%） and 31 cases （72.71%） in ADRs caused by antibacterial drugs, TCM preparations, antidiarrheal drugs, biological agents and other drugs; among them. There were 293 cases （48.75%） and 186 cases （30.94% （1.16%）, 113 cases （1.16%） and 113 cases （18.8%）. The types of eruption were rash, urticaria, erythema and erythroderma, erythema （2.66%）, 13 cases （2.16%） and 2 cases （0.33%）, respectively, in 320 cases （53.24%）, 179 cases （29.78%）, 71 cases （11.81%）, and bullous epidermis. Conclusion： Adverse reactions of skin drugs are related with age, gender, type of medication and other factors. Relation to antibacterial drugs is the most important drug-induced rash. Improving their rational use of drugs to reduce the incidence of drug eruption is particularly critical.