利用鸡毛制备皮革填充剂的研究

Study on Preparation for Leather Filler from Chicken Feather

采用亚硫酸氢钠和氢氧化钠协同作用提取鸡毛角蛋白.在不同的因素条件下对鸡毛进行水解,并以氮含量为标准,探讨其对鸡毛水解效果的影响.通过实验发现,鸡毛水解的最佳条件为：温度80℃,水解时间为3 h,液固比为0.16（36.46%浓盐酸体积/mL与鸡毛的质量/g比）,亚硫酸氢钠用量为20%,碱量为32%.利用乌氏黏度计测量黏度计算分子量,凯氏定氮仪测量水解液氮含量.以过硫酸铵引发鸡毛水解液与α-甲基丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸酐接枝共聚反应,在V（丙烯酸）：V（水解液）=3：4,引发剂加入量占单体质量的10%,温度为80℃,反应2 h条件下,共聚物分子量在6000-7000之间,符合制备皮革填充剂的条件.

The feather keratin was extracted by means of the synergistic effect of sodium bisulfite and sodium hydroxide.The chicken feather was hydrolyzed under different conditions and the effect of hydrolysis of the chicken feather was discussed using the yield of the nitrogen as a standard. The optimum conditions for the hydrolysis of the chicken feather was investigated that 80℃, hydrolysis time 3h, ratio of liquid to solid 0.16 （ratio of 36.46% concentrated hydrochloric acid volum/ml to chicken feather quality/g）, sodium bisulfite dosage of 20%, alkali content of 32%.The molecular weight was calculated using Ubbelohde viscometer and the nitrogen content of hydrolyzate was measured by Kjeldahl apparatus. The grafting copolymerization reaction of the hydrolyzate, α-methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride was carried out when ammonium persulfate acted as initiator. The results showed that the final protein copolymer,with its molecular weight between 6000 and 7000 measured by Ubbelohde viscometer, was available to have the functions of leather filler at 80℃ under conditions of V acrylic acid：V hydrolysate=3：4 and minitiator：mmonomer=1：10. After the addition of the ammonium persulfate, the system continued to copolymerize for 2h and then the hydrolysate of Chicken hair was added and reacted for 2h.