细小病毒衣壳蛋白功能研究进展

Research Progress on the Function of Capsid Protein in Parvovirus

细小病毒是目前为止发现的最小的单股DNA病毒,在自然界分布极广并与多种疾病相关。该病毒衣壳中主要包含三种蛋白:VP1、VP2、VP3,这些衣壳蛋白参与了病毒感染的整个过程。VP1通过核定位信号(NLS)介导病毒感染性,协助病毒完成核内定位。VP2经"反受体"与细胞受体相互作用促进病毒进一步内化,与此同时VP1与VP2 N’末端共同作用完成核转运。裂解蛋白VP3仅存在于细小病毒科少数成员中,其功能未被完全确定,猜测可能是衣壳蛋白骨架。该病毒对外界理化因素有极强的抵抗力,如酸或热处理,甚至能逃避模式识别受体(PRRS)识别。通过对细小病毒感染过程中衣壳蛋白的作用及其在疾病治疗中的应用进行系统的总结及讨论,以期为相关科研工作者提供参考。

Parvovirus is smallest single strand DNA virus which widely spreaded in nature and related to many kinds of diseases. The virus capsid mainly contains three proteins：VP1, VP2 and VP3 which involved in the whole process of the viral infection. VP1 mediaes virus infectivity through nuclear localization signal （NLS） , and assists in the completion of nuclear localization. VP2 interacts with the virus receptor via the anti - receptor, which promotes the internalization of virus, at the same time, the VP1 and VP2 N＇ end co - acting to complete the nucleus translocation. Additionally, a cleavage protein VP3 exists only in several members of the parvoviridae and its function is not fully determined. The virus has a strong resistance to the environment, such as acid or heat treatment, and even to escape pattern recognition receptors （PRRS） recognition. The role of each capsid protein in the process of virus infection and its application in the treatment of diseases are summarized and discussed systematically to provide reference for the related scientific researchers.