天然纤维增强聚丙烯基复合材料的制备及静、动态力学性能研究

Preparation and Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties Research of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

为研究天然纤维在汽车内饰材料方面的应用,选用棕榈(Palm)、洋麻(Kenaf)纤维与聚丙烯(PP)为原料,采用非织+模压工艺制备了不同纤维体积比的汽车内饰材料,一方面从动态热机械分析(DMA)的角度,以储能模量、损耗因子等为指标,来分析材料的刚性与吸声降噪性能。结果表明,随着纤维体积比的增加,Palm/PP、Kenaf/PP材料的储能模量、损耗模量都呈现一定的线性增加,在体积比为60∶40时达到峰值,并且Kenaf/PP材料的储能模量、损耗模量远高于同体积比下的Palm/PP的储能模量、损耗模量;Kenaf/PP材料的损耗因子曲线比Palm/PP材料的峰值高、温域宽,体积比为60∶40的Kenaf/PP材料温域最大,达到25℃,呈现了更好的减振降噪效果。另一方面从静态力学的角度,借助基于COX剪滞理论的修正混合律公式模量预测模型,对Palm/PP、Kenaf/PP材料的弹性模量进行预测分析。结果表明,模量模型对Kenaf/PP材料的预测精度为90.552%,优于Palm/PP材料的78.697%。

In order to study the application of natural fibers in automotive interior materials, with palm, kenaf fiber and polypropylene fiber （PP） as raw materials and by the technology of non-woven with mould pressing, automotive interior materials were fabricated under different fiber volume ratios. Then through dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）, storage modulus, loss factor and other indicators were applied to analyze the rigidity and sound absorption properties of the material. The results show that： for Palm/PP and Kenaf/PP materials, with the increase of fiber volume ratio, the storage and loss modulus show a certain linear increase and they come to the peak in the volume ratio of 60 ： 40, and the storage modulus and loss modulus of the Kenaf/PP material are much higher than those of the Palm/PP material at same volume ratio ; the loss factor curve of the Kenaf/PP material shows a higher peak and a wider temperature range compared to the Palm/PP material, and at the volume ratio of 60 ： 40, the Kenaf/PP material has the maximum temperature range up to 25 %, showing a better effect of vibration and noise reduction. From the perspective of static mechanics, the elastic modulus of Palm/PP and Kenaf/PP materials are analysed according to the shear lag correction formula mixed modulus prediction model theory based on COX-law. The results show that the precision of prediction by the modulus model for the Kenaf/PP material is 90. 552%, better than the value of 78. 697% for the Palm/PP material.