“谁是外地人”:大都市居民的地域身份意识及其影响因素——以上海为例

“Who Is Foreigner”:Study on People's Local Identity and Its Factor in Big Cities——Shanghai as an Example

在人口导入型的大都市,"本地人"还是"外地人"这一地域身份意识日益成为一个敏感话题,是高流动社会背景下建设和谐的新"土客"关系绕不过去的议题。研究发现:(1)职业阶层和本地户籍正在超越族群文化成为影响大都市"土客"边界的关键力量,只有同时拥有高职业阶层和本地户籍的人才是大都市最大的赢家;(2)地域身份意识作为一种主观态度和社会心态的反映,实际上是由人们各自所处的制度和结构性位置所决定的,人们自身所拥有的相对优势或劣势对于建构自我和他人的身份边界有非常重要的影响;(3)本地户籍和方言的使用对于人们的地域归属感具有重要意义。

Nowadays in big cities with high population mobility, responses to the question of ＂who is lo- cal resident＂ or ＂who is outsider＂ has been a sensitive issue increasingly, and it has been an unavoidable for harmonious relationship between local residents and migrants under the background of a society with high pop- ulation mobility. There are three main research findings. Firstly, class status, instead of ethnicity, based on occupation and local hukou are being together critical power to construct boundary between local residents and migrants in big cities. Only those who are not only belong to high class but also have a local hukou actually are the biggest winners in big cities. Secondly, as a kind of present form of subjective and social attitude, people＇ s local identity is actually determined by their own positions in the current system and structural framework. People ＇ s relative advantages or disadvantages have a very important impact on constructing identity boundary between them and others. Thirdly, have a local hukou or using local dialect have great significance to people＇ s identity.