夏直播花生早熟和晚熟品种植株发育和产量品质差异

Differences of Plant Development,Yield and Quality between Early and Late Maturing Varieties of Summer Sowing Peanut

选用晚熟品种花育22号(HY22)和早熟品种365-1作为试验材料,研究麦茬夏直播花生不同熟期品种的植株发育、叶片生理特性、产量构成因素及籽仁品质的差异。结果表明:HY22各生育期的主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数和叶面积指数等地上部营养生长指标均高于365-1;HY22收获期的叶片保护酶活性、叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著高于365-1;但HY22的荚果产量显著低于365-1,原因是其成熟度较差,单株饱果数显著低于后者;365-1的籽仁蛋白质、赖氨酸和总氨基酸含量均显著高于HY22,两者脂肪含量差异较小。影响夏直播花生产量和品质的主要因素是荚果饱满度,早熟品种要优于晚熟品种。

Selecting a late maturing variety Huayu 22 （HY22） and an early maturing variety 365 - 1 as experimental materials, a field experiment was conducted in 2015 to study the differences in plant development, physiological characteristics of leaves, yield components and kernel quality of summer sowing peanut with different maturing periods. The results indicated that the aboveground vegetative growth parameters such as main stem height, branch length, branch number and leaf area index of HY22 were higher than those of 365 - 1. Meanwhile, the leaf protective enzyme activity, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of HY22 were significantly higher than those of 365 - 1 at harvest stage. However, compared with 365 - 1, the pod yield of HY22 was significantly reduced, which was caused by a lower full pod number per plant and poorer maturity. The protein, lysine and total amino acid content of 365 - 1 kernels were striking higher than those of HY22, while the fat content had no significant difference. Thus, the main factor affecting the yield and quality of summer sowing peanut was the plumpness degree of pod, and the early maturing variety was better than the late maturing variety.