刘蕺山之情论

The Theory of Emotion of Liu Jishan

晚明时期王阳明良知之学出现了"玄虚而荡"与"情识而肆"等流弊。刘蕺山认为王学流弊集中于一点就是对情的认识不够,因此要对治王学流弊,首先就要对喜怒哀乐之情进行彻底了断。通过四德与七情之别,刘蕺山区分出两种情感:四德是有序之情,属于心性本体,是道德情感,而七情是乱序之情,不属于心性本体,是自然情感。王学流弊的根子在于"因情见性",而所因之情可以是道德情感也可以是自然情感。通过意念之辨与心意之辨,刘蕺山得出"心之性情"的结论,此情是道德情感而非自然情感,最终形成"心性情为一"的义理架构,并以此来解决王门后学的种种流弊。

The abuses of Wang Yangming＇s conscience theory such as ＂mystic relax（玄虚而荡）＂and ＂worldly lust（情识而肆）＂had appeared in late Ming Dynasty. Liu Jishan thought what the abuse of Wang＇s theory was lackingenough comprehension to emotion.Therefore,to deal with abuses of Wang＇s theory, we should resolve the emotions ofhappy、angry、sorrow and fun thoroughly. By distinguishing four virtues and seven emotions, Liu Jishan distinguishedtwo kinds of emotions： four virtues was a kind of order emotion, which belonged to mind and nature noumenon,andwhich was moral emotion; while,seven emotions was a kind of disorder emotion,which did not belong to mind andnature noumenon,and which was just natural emotion. The origin of abuses of Wang＇s theory was ＂knowing nature byemotion（因 情 见 性）＂. The emotion, however, either could be moral emotion or could be natural emotion. Bydistinguishing between will and idea、mind and will, Liu Jishan got the conclusion that ＂Nature and Emotion belong toMind（心 之 性 情）＂. Thus, this emotion was just a kind of moral emotion.What＇s more, Liu Jishan constructed theprinciple structure of＂unity of mind、nature and emotion＂to deal with many abuses of Wang＇s successive theory.