民俗学视角下门文化的功能研究

Study on Functions of Door Culture from the Perspective of Folklore

门的功能包括实体功能和文化功能,文化功能往往因其非物质的特性而被忽视。实际上,门在中国传统文化中至少具有教化规范功能、防卫功能、审美功能和历史功能。门作为一种建筑元素,其文化功能本质上是对建筑文化功能的体现,不仅对非物质性的建筑文化十分重要,而且对当下的建筑设计和建筑实践都有重要参考意义,同时也是整体认识建筑文化遗产的重要一环。尤其在当前快速城市化的背景下,我国出现的"千城一面"、城镇化大肆吞噬乡土建筑的现象令人堪忧。因此,门的文化功能研究可能对于未来重新重视建筑所承载的民间文化,让民间文化再次焕发生机与活力具有积极意义,并帮助民众深切意识到建筑并非是不同材料的简单垒积,而是凝聚着中华民族几千年智慧结晶的文化载体。

Functions of the door include physical and cultural functions,but cultural functions are often ignoredbecause of their non physical characteristics. In fact, at least in the Chinese traditional culture, its functions are inthe aspects of education, standard, defense, aesthetics and history. The door is a kind of architectural elements, itscultural function is essentially a reflection of cultural building, which not only is very important to non-material culturalbuilding, but also has an important significance to the architectural design and practice. Meanwhile,it is also animportant part of the overall understanding of architectural cultural heritage. Especially, the phenomenon of ＂thousandcities having one face＂ and urbanization construction seriously damaging vernacular architecture are worrying in thebackground of the rapid city development in our country. Therefore, the cultural function of the door may have positivesignificance,which attach great importance to the folk culture of the building, and then make folk culture again havevitality now and vitality in the future. Meantime,it helps people to realize that the building is not a simple accumulation ofdifferent building materials,but the culture carrier of crystallization of Chinese wisdom for thousands of years.